The S Mark Taper Foundation supports the Chair of Transplantation Research and underpins much of the basic immunology and genetics work that takes place in the basic research laboratories of the Mendez National Institute of Transplantation.
The major projects supported by the S Mark Taper Foundation include studying the influence of immunogenetic and pharmacogenetic variations on both graft survival and the side effects of immunosuppression.
Advancing the Prevention of Post-Transplant Diabetes
The MNIT researchers have recently identified a gene profile associated with the new onset of diabetes after transplantation. Up to 40% of transplant recipients develop diabetes, and consequently suffer increased cardiovascular disease and reduced survival.
A small number of genetic markers are associated with post-transplant diabetes. Examination of the patients’ gene profiles before transplantation may allow for the use of avoidance strategies or prophylactic treatment to prevent the onset of this debilitating condition.
Preventing Gastrointestinal Side Effects
Similarly, two genes in particular seem to be associated with the development of gastrointestinal side effects in patients treated with the anti-rejection drug mycophenolate.
This toxicity limits the dose of the drug that can be given, and thus may allow rejection to occur. The dosing regimen for mycophenolate or the use of other agents may benefit patients with the ‘at risk’ genotypes.
New Molecular Approach to Assessing Rejection Responses
A new molecular approach to monitoring rejection responses and immunocompetence is currently in development. The agents used to suppress rejection are very potent, and may suppress the ability of the transplant recipient to fight off infections, especially by viruses.
It is important, then, to know that the anti-donor immune response has been suppressed without reducing the ability of the immune system to resist infection.
The availability of such tests will enable the clinicians to walk the fine line between giving too much drug and endangering the recipient or too little and endangering the graft.