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The incidence of acute graft rejection and short-term graft survival in renal transplantation have shown considerable improvement in the past decade (1,2). However the gains obtained from the reduction of acute rejection and improvement in graft survival in the first year following transplantation has not resulted in a commensurate increase in long-term graft survival (3). Both immune and nonimmune mechanisms (particularly the nephrotoxicity associated with the use of calcineurin inhibitors) limit the extended survival of renal allografts (4–7). Etc.